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英语二轮语法专项

来源: 作者: 发布时间:2008-03-03

高三英语二轮复习纲要

专题二 语法专项

 考点 1 冠词

主要考查的知识点:冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。

复习重点

(1)定冠词的用法:主要是一些记忆性的东西,比较繁杂,可以记几个顺口溜:

特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;普转专有名,习语及乐器。

①“特指”指某些人或事物。如:The Englishmen in the dining-room are having supper now.

②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物,即“语境特指”。如:Take the medicine.

③上文已提及的人或事物,即“前照应特指”。如:He bought a house. I have been to the house.

④世界上独一无二的事物。如:The sun sets.

⑤序数词或形容词最高级前。如:Ilive on the second floor.

⑥由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:The United States.

⑦一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如:in the way,by the hour,on the other hand,all the year round,play the piano,the violin.

(2)不加冠词的几种情况:

下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;

复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。

①名词前已有作定语用的 this,that,some,any,my等限定词。②专有名词和不可数名词前。如:Unity isstrength.③表示学科的名词前。如:Economics is different from politics.④球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如:He likes playing football and always has supper outside.⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时。如:They are students and we are teachers.⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。如:Spring follows winter.We have few classes on Sunday.⑦表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如:White is a beautiful color in China.⑧在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如:W here isDad,Mum?Bush was made president of the USA again.⑨某些习惯短语中。如:in bed,in spite of,by chance,lose heart,catch fire,catch sight of,go to school,find fault with (批评),make use of,take exception to(反对)。

(3)不定冠词的几种特殊用法:

①专有名词前用不定冠词,表示“像……的一个人或物”。如:He thinks he is a Napoleon.②姓名前用不定冠词,表示“某个叫……的人”,多指不认识的人。如:A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.③用于某些物质名词前,表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如:—What would you like to drink?—A tea and a coffee.④用于某些抽象名词前,使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise,knowledge,success,failure,pleasure,interest,joy等等。如:All his efforts ended in failure.⑤不定冠词用在population,history,area,height,weight,depth,length,speed等词前。如:To escape the pull of the earth,a rocket must reach a speed of 40,000 km/h.

注意:当speed用于表和……(光,声音等)的速度相同时,则用定冠词the,例如:This new kind of aeroplane can fly at the speed of light.

Ex. Of all the subjects,I like___history the best because it gives us____useful knowledge of things in the past.

A.the;a  B./;a C.a;the  D.a;

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